For US-China is the key defence challenge
The United States has officially recalibrated its defence priorities, placing China at the forefront of its strategic concerns in the Indo-Pacific.
The new Pentagon minister Pete Hegseth emphasized this shift while addressing an assembly of nations backing Ukraine in Brussels.
This move signals a substantial policy change as Washington acknowledges the need to reinforce its own borders while countering the perceived growing threat from Beijing.
Hegseth’s remarks highlight increased focus on deterring China’s influence and military capabilities.“The United States faces consequential threats to our homeland,” Hegseth stated, adding that securing American borders is now a top priority.
However, he underscored that China represents the most formidable long-term challenge due to its military advancements, economic leverage, and geopolitical ambitions.
Describing Beijing as a “peer competitor” with both the capacity and intent to challenge US interests, Hegseth explained that Washington must engage in strategic resource allocation to ensure deterrence remains effective.
The US has repeatedly raised alarms over China’s rapid military buildup, territorial claims in the South China Sea, and growing influence in Indo-Pacific. Beijing has significantly expanded its naval capabilities, developed advanced hypersonic weapons, and strengthened its presence in contested areas, raising concerns among American defence planners.
The Pentagon has expressed particular unease about China’s intentions toward Taiwan. While Washington officially adheres to the ‘One-China’ policy, it has continued to strengthen military cooperation with Taipei, including arms sales and joint military exercises.
Beijing views these actions as provocations, accusing the US of interfering in its internal affairs. The Chinese Defence Ministry has repeatedly condemned Washington’s support for Taiwan, warning of severe consequences if the US continues its military engagements with the self-governing island.
US Secretary of State Marco Rubio has reinforced Hegseth’s stance, declaring that countering China will be central to US foreign policy under President Donald Trump’s second term.
Rubio accused the Chinese Communist Party of engaging in widespread economic and cyber warfare, stating, “China has been lying, cheating, hacking, and stealing its way to global superpower status at our expense.”
One of Rubio’s primary concerns is the erosion of US manufacturing capabilities due to American corporations outsourcing production to China. He has warned that critical supply chains have become dangerously reliant on Beijing, leaving the US vulnerable to economic coercion.
Rubio has urged policymakers to implement stringent measures to curb China’s influence, including tighter restrictions on Chinese investments, reshoring critical industries, and deepening partnerships with Indo-Pacific allies to counterbalance Beijing’s growing dominance.
Beijing has firmly rejected Washington’s characterization of its global ambitions, accusing the US of acting as the primary destabilizing force in the region. The Chinese government asserts that its military expansion is defensive in nature and necessary to protect its sovereignty and economic interests.
China has also accused the US of exacerbating tensions by bolstering military alliances such as AUKUS (the trilateral pact between the US, the UK, and Australia) and increasing its naval presence in the South China Sea.
Beijing contends that these moves serve to encircle China rather than promote regional stability.
For countries such as South Korea, and the Philippines, the US shift in defence priorities presents both opportunities and risks. While these nations welcome stronger US military support to counter China’s assertiveness, they are also wary of being drawn into a potential conflict between the two superpowers.
Meanwhile, European nations are being asked to assume greater responsibility for their own security, particularly in light of the ongoing Ukraine conflict.
Hegseth’s speech in Brussels implied that Washington expects its NATO allies to take the lead in supporting Kiev, allowing the US to redirect more military resources toward the Indo-Pacific.
This shift could mark a turning point in transatlantic relations, as Europe’s defence burden increases while Washington’s focus moves eastward. The implications for NATO’s long-term cohesion remain uncertain, particularly as differing threat perceptions emerge among alliance members.
Beyond military competition, the US-China rivalry is playing out in the economic and technological spheres. Washington has implemented a series of measures aimed at limiting China’s access to critical technologies, such as semiconductor manufacturing and artificial intelligence research.
The Biden administration previously imposed export restrictions on advanced chip technologies, and the Trump administration is expected to further tighten controls under his second term.
These restrictions are designed to prevent China from gaining an edge in crucial technological domains that could have both military and economic implications.
China has responded by accelerating its domestic semiconductor industry and investing heavily in research and development to reduce dependence on Western technology. The battle for technological supremacy is expected to be a defining feature of the US-China rivalry in the coming years.
The United States’ strategic shift toward countering China reflects an evolving geopolitical landscape where great-power competition has re-emerged as multipolar one.
A defining feature of international relations is that now there are several others powers like India, Russia, Japan, France, Israel to whom neither USA nor China can dictate terms.
The Pentagon’s prioritization of deterrence in the Indo-Pacific underscores the gravity of the US-China rivalry with India already started to act as a balancer.
As tensions escalate, the rest of the world will not just sit and face the prospect of a new Cold War-one characterized by military posturing, economic, technological, and ideological competition between USA and China.
Countries like India now have a mind of their own and in this will join Russia, Brazil and others because now it’s a multipolar world. India will simply not permit this competition to lead to a open world conflict.
India will ensure that competition between USA and China remains within the bounds of strategic rivalry.
One thing must be clear to both : the global order is undergoing a profound transformation, and the coming years will be crucial in shaping the balance of power in this multipolar world.
